Quick Answer
Two of the biggest changes the 2010 Constitution brought were devolution — moving power and money to 47 counties — and a far stronger Bill of Rights protecting citizens against the State.
Key facts
- Devolution created two levels of government and 47 counties.
- The Bill of Rights was expanded and entrenched.
- Rights became directly enforceable in court.
- Other reforms reshaped the Judiciary, land and commissions.
Devolution
Perhaps the most visible change, devolution created a second level of government — 47 counties — each with its own elected leaders, services and budget, bringing decisions closer to citizens.
Covered in full in the devolution guides.
A stronger Bill of Rights
Chapter Four expanded and entrenched fundamental rights — civil, political, economic and social — and made them directly enforceable, so any person can go to court to defend them.
The other reforms
The Constitution also created independent commissions, reformed the Judiciary for greater independence, overhauled land governance, and introduced leadership and integrity standards for state officers.
Why this matters to you
These changes are why you have a Governor and an MCA, why you can take a rights case to court, and why power is meant to be shared rather than hoarded. They reshaped daily life under government.
Frequently asked questions
What did devolution create?
A second level of government — 47 counties with their own leaders, services and budgets.
How did the Bill of Rights change?
It was expanded, entrenched and made directly enforceable in court.
Were there other major reforms?
Yes — independent commissions, judicial and land reform, and integrity standards.
Sources & references
- Constitution of Kenya 2010, Chapters Four and Eleven — klrc.go.ke